Post-War British Politics of Consensus Essays

Post-War British Politics of Consensus Essays Post-War British Politics of Consensus Essay Post-War British Politics of Consensus Essay The post-war period was an incredibly troublesome period throughout the entire existence of Great Britain. Truth be told, after the apocalypse War II the nation was for all intents and purposes destroyed in the consequence of the standard bombings from the piece of the German aeronautics and the whole framework of the nation was in a poor condition. What is increasingly significant, conventional accomplices of the UK in universal relations both political and financial, European nations, for example, France, were additionally influenced drastically by the war and the whole mainland needed to recuperate from the appalling outcomes of the World War II. Simultaneously, all the nations, including the UK, entirely understood that they would not have the option to endure another military clash of such a scale as the universal war. In this regard, it was indispensably imperative to forestall the developing strain inside the general public so as to diminish the danger from the piece of radical gatherings like Nazi gathering in Germany. Accordingly, the socially situated governmental issues focusing on the minimization of pressure between various classes and arrangement of the issue of destitution was one of the significant patterns in the UK legislative issues of the post-war time. This is the reason this governmental issues was known as the legislative issues of accord since it concentrated on the pursuit of bargain which could make states of the thriving of all classes of British society. In any case, regardless of respectable objectives British governments endeavored to accomplish as far as the legislative issues of accord, it is as yet conceivable to contend that this governmental issues didn't prompt the agreement yet rather to endeavors to disregard genuine issues of British society which inevitably brought about the breakdown of governmental issues of accord by 1979 (Robbins, 2004). Legislative issues of agreement Basically, it is generally accepted the after the apocalypse War the official legislative issues of the British government was described by accord. It is important to underline that supporters of such a perspective on the British post-war legislative issues contend this was an attribute of all post-war governments, I. e. legislatures of Labor and Conservative gatherings, which supplanted each other in post-war time (Keylor and Banister, 2004). Actually, this implies the legislative issues of agreement was the general technique of the advancement of the UK acknowledged by both major political powers of Great Britain, the Labor Party and its adversary, the Conservative party. When all is said in done, the governmental issues of agreement was the intelligent decision the political first class of the UK had made soon after the finish of the war. Clearly nation required a quick and powerful recreation so as to beat the financial emergency which unavoidably followed the finish of the war in light of the fact that the nation was significantly influenced by military activities of Germany and partners and required some an ideal opportunity to recoup from the impacts of the war. Simultaneously, there was a genuine danger of the significant emergency inside British society brought about by the various monetary issues coming about because of the World War II. In such a circumstance, the administration, regardless of whether spoke to by the Labor Party or the Conservative Party, needed to forestall the developing strain in the public arena. Something else, the developing destitution would prompt the minimization of the huge piece of society that could prompt its radicalization or even social upheaval. Anyway, the developing destitution was one of the significant reasons of the World War II. Therefore, the UK government framed by the Labor Party began the legislative issues which was characterized as the legislative issues of accord. Fundamentally, this legislative issues consolidated a few thoughts of social equity and division of national government assistance so that the legislature could forestall the underestimation of enormous classes of British society. So as to meet this objective and pacify the developing hostility among rich and poor, the UK government propelled a socially-arranged legislative issues, which could be characterized as the governmental issues of agreement (Heilbroner and Milber, 2002). By and by, this governmental issues brought about the formation of various social projects which focused the improvement of the situation of customary British individuals, particularly those out of luck. In this regard, it is conceivable to single out the formation of the National Health Service which made wellbeing administrations increasingly available to the wide open and, truth be told, wiped out obstructions to wellbeing administrations of a moderately high caliber to all individuals, in any case their societal position. Besides, this governmental issues depended on the possibility of the expanding job of the state in the national economy. Clearly various social projects required assets. This is the reason significant businesses were nationalized so as to build their viability and give the administration the basic assets to back its social projects. Clearly, the monetary legislative issues of the UK governments after the apocalypse War II depended on Keynesian rules that made the administration a critical player in the national economy. At last, as far as the legislative issues of agreement the administration endeavored to make the government assistance state where all individuals approached essential administrations, for example, human services and training, which were sufficiently bolstered by the administration (Keylor and Banister, 2004). Subsequently, the legislature expanded its essence and impedance in the national economy and endeavored to divert riches so that it is conceivable to furnish all residents of the UK with high caliber of life satisfying the cutting edge guidelines of the government assistance state. The absence of accord However, numerous authorities contend that the legislative issues of agreement shared hardly anything for all intents and purpose with agreement itself (Heilbroner and Milber, 2002). In this regard, it is important to underline that the legislative issues of the UK government after the apocalypse War II was essentially dictated by the target need to improve the life of the immense layers of British society which were in a poor position. To put it all the more unequivocally, a large number of British individuals lived close or even past the neediness ceil that normally constrained the legislature to embrace certain means to forestall the underestimation of these individuals. Therefore, this legislative issues could be portrayed preferably as the battle with destitution over endeavors for the accord. Equitably, the term accord suggests that the guideline of social equity or understanding includes all individuals from British society. This implies the improvement of the situation of the lower classes ought to happen because of certain trade off with high societies. On account of the UK, in the post-war time, the legislature just nationalized the significant ventures in such a manner, assuming liability for the government assistance of the lower classes of British society, while the privileged societies, I. e. the previous proprietors of the significant ventures, just got the pay from the legislature for their property and, truth be told, didn't lose anything. At any rate, the misfortunes of the high societies were especially lower than the ventures made by the administration to ensure the government assistance of all residents of the UK. Moreover, significantly after the nationalization, the UK government didn't change the monetary connections that was another significant state of the flourishing and that ought to be a piece of the legislative issues of agreement. What is implied here is the way that the administration basically supplanted the private proprietors of the significant enterprises and essentially turned into the bigger proprietor and the principle player in the national economy supplanting private proprietors. In such a manner, the administration could divert the national riches as the significant player in the national economy while its governmental issues couldn't generally the premiums of both upper and lower classes (Robbins, 2004). Subsequently, it is not really conceivable to talk about the genuine legislative issues of accord in any case, rather, it would be progressively exact to evaluate that it was the governmental issues of the administration forcing its will to its residents. Despite the fact that the administration endeavored to improve the situation of the lower and working class of the UK, it despite everything didn't make any trade offs to make high societies to impart their riches to delegates of the lower classes. Rather, the legislature basically endeavored to divert the national government assistance as indicated by its own will, while lower classes didn't get any powerful apparatuses to improve their position significantly. At the end of the day, rather than accepting compelling financial apparatuses to improve their position, agents of lower classes ought to just mean the help of the legislature that made them absolutely reliant on the administration they choose, while the situation of high societies had not decayed impressively since the apocalypse War II as they had not share their riches with the remainder of British society. End Thus, considering all previously mentioned, it is conceivable to presume that the legislative issues of the UK government can be portrayed as the legislative issues of accord just somewhat in light of the fact that, regardless of the endeavors of the administration to make a government assistance state it neglected to roll out radical improvements in financial connections giving common individuals direct access to the national riches, for example, responsibility for organizations, for example, which were nationalized, yet normal individuals could scarcely impact their work or advantage some way or another from them. Therefore, the administration expanded its job nd obstruction in the national economy endeavoring to close the hole among rich and poor through the state backing of the last mentioned however not the trade off with the previous. Works refered to: Bauer, E. The History of World War II. New York: New Publishers, 1996. Damages, W. Destitution definition imperfect, more accura

Performance Management and Executive Compensation Essay Example for Free

Execution Management and Executive Compensation Essay Presentation Throughout the entire existence of present day economies, from the late 1800s to today organizations have confronted moral difficulties with respect to pay for officials and its connection to work execution. Because of major monetary emergencies during the twentieth century, the United States established wide based enactment gauges as endeavors to forestall what were viewed as moral difficulties and office clashes encompassing both execution the board and official remuneration. To comprehend the present issues confronting organizations and controllers, it is imperative to take a gander at three of most huge authoritative acts Congress has passed. The Securities Exchange Acts of 1933 and 1934, just as the Sarbanesâ€Oxley Act of 2002 speak to administrative mediations in regards to corporate budgetary bookkeeping toward the objective of abridging the moral difficulties and the contention of organization issues that can emerge from execution the executives and official pay. However considerably after these laws were established, moral clashes can and still emerge with regards to the pay for bosses and administrators. Protections Act of 1933 The Securities Act of 1933 was conceived in light of the financial exchange crash of 1929. Similarly as it was at that point, organizations who issue protections to fund-raise for financing new ventures or to extend tasks have a natural motivation to introduce their organization and its arrangements in the rosiest light conceivable to speculators (Sarkar, 2013). The Securities Act of 1933 fills the double need of guaranteeing that guarantors of protections to general society reveal material data to financial specialists just as guaranteeing that any protections exchanges are not founded on false data or practices (Sarkar, 2013). The Securities Act of 1933 influences open revelations through a compulsory enlistment process for dealers and specialists and applies to the deal or exchange of any managed security type (Sarkar, 2013). Protections Act of 1934 (a.k.a. the Exchange Act) The Exchange Act fundamentally controls exchanges of protections that occur after its underlying contribution by an organization (Sarkar, 2013). These exchanges regularly happen between parties other than the guarantor, for example, through exchanges that retail speculators execute by means of business firms (Sarkar, 2013). The greatest impact of The Exchange Act was the formation of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), a government office answerable for directing the protections markets (Sarkar, 2013). Since 1934, the SEC has assumed the job of relieving extortion, misuse, and other moral issues in the money related detailing of traded on an open market elements. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 The Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act of 2002 was the most huge enactment gone since the 1930s and came in the consequence of the corporate outrages at organizations, for example, Enron, WorldCom, and Arthur Andersen (Amadeo, 2013). Sarbanes-Oxley made the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), another association whose reason for existing is to help manage the bookkeeping business (Amadeo, 2013). To forestall the kind of irreconcilable circumstances that had prompted the Enron extortion, SOX set up new disallowances for evaluators while taking part in interview work for their reviewing customers. It likewise prohibited organization credits to officials and gave expanded occupation insurances to informants (Amadeo, 2013). Execution Management and Executive Compensation Significantly after the death of the Securities and Exchanges Acts of 1933 and 1934 and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, there are motivations to be worried about moral infringement in money related bookkeeping. Two territories where there still exist opportunities for unscrupulous movement which could hurt the flexibly of dependable data to financial specialists are the exhibition the board inside an organization and the remuneration bundles of administrators. Current Ethical Challenges While assessing circumstances to help moral dynamic, one should initially recognize the moral issues as they emerge (Eldenburg, 2005). Execution estimations are frequently estimated as far as time or money related figures †â€Å"how long† or â€Å"how much.† When choosing another CEO, the top managerial staff is required to offer a budgetary bundle that is both worthwhile enough to draw in the most qualified individual but likewise shows up reasonable for other positioning officials of the organization. Such money related bundles should be endorsed by the significant investors when the pay will affect the company’s monetary reports. During a monetary downturn, firms may fundamentally scale back their workforce just as advantages and work rates representatives get, yet regularly end up legally committed to distribute enormous rewards and expanding pay rates for their officials. This is possibly a significant moral issue for an organization and its officials, with the strands of the organization being decreased while administrators are acquiring increasingly more †despite the fact that the firm is battling. â€Å"CEOs at the countrys 200 biggest organizations earned a normal of 20 percent more a year ago than in 2009, as per late corporate filings. By examination, normal compensation for laborers in the private area rose simply 2.1 percent last yearâ€nearly the littlest increment in decades† (Harkinson, 2011). It is additionally not unfathomable for CEOs to be compelled to step down while as yet getting their rewarding remuneration bundles just to likewise be given a liberal â€Å"golden parachute† as they leave. Abundances like this can effectsly affect worker assurance as most of the organization frequently comprises of those gaining the least. Sheets of chiefs should think about the monetary remaining of the firm before they offer an over-the-top pay bundle to a CEO. As an outline of the opposite, Steve Jobs elected to work at Apple for a pay of just $1 every year: â€Å"A administrative documenting shows Apple CEO Steve Jobs’ pay bundle remained the typical $1 in financial 2010†¦ as is standard, Jobs got no reward or perk† (Steve Jobs, n.d.). As far as moral difficulties and official pay, Jobs demonstrated by his model that it is conceivable to put the organization first †regardless of whether that implied procuring a pay of $1. Chiefs don't regularly need to agree to such low pay rates to show authority and kinship; in any case, tolerating less over the top sums can help maintain a strategic distance from allegations of eagerness and inappropriateness through and through. Current Agency Issues â€Å"Principals recruit operators to settle on choices for them and to act in their behalf† (Eldenburg, Wolcott, 2005, pp. 591). Regularly, specialists may proceed to employ operators of their own, appointing authority and building up sub-units known as duty focuses which can decentralize dynamic and responsibility. An especially uncommon instance of the head operator relationship includes the officials of organizations who are viably specialists of the investors chose to run the organization. â€Å"Four basic kinds of duty focuses are cost focuses, income focuses, benefit focuses, and speculation centers.† (Eldenburg Wolcott, 2005, pp. 595) Those specialists who have dynamic authority over a duty place utilize segment monetary information gave by the bookkeepers to financial plans and audits of deals, benefits/misfortunes, esteem evaluations, and expenses. Bookkeeper and review gave data is utilized to assess and quantify execution, screen the adequacy of chiefs, reward execution, and impact choices. (Eldenburg Wolcot, 2005) The review data bookkeepers get ready and present is imperative to the head/operator relationship and execution estimation, yet in addition has its expenses. The essential test introduced by the head/operator relationship concerns the elevated level of strain to play out that a specialist can involvement with the type of the agent’s pay. Cash, just as different types of pay, for example, rewards and investment opportunities, expanded power, and proprietorship desires are immediate helpers of difficulties to the moral establishment of specialist execution. At the point when principals assess the exhibition of specialists, their choices are probably going to be founded on a similar bookkeeping data their operators additionally utilized. This regular use gives a potential motivation to an operator to modify, adulterate, or in any case distort certain information that principals get. As dynamic authority is allowed from a standard to an operator, the agent’s execution is assessed somewhat from every position level. Assessing the adequacy of the choices made in every office level or duty focus is the center of estimating, checking, and rousing execution. Terrible showing prompts lost dynamic position, obligations, pay, and different advantages inside the whole head operator structure. Alternately, remarkable execution has the contrary impact and advantages everybody up the head specialist stepping stool. End The Securities Exchange Acts of 1933 and 1934 are fundamental as a result of their straightforwardness as explained in their destinations, and for giving forthcoming financial specialists nitty gritty data about speculation choices. Their fundamental design was to shield investors from deception and trick in the selling of security. The Acts commanded that protections offered to the general population inside the United States of America must be recorded with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Afterward, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) was set up to ensure that CFOs and CEOs verify and support the money related revealing of their organizations. Notwithstanding these grand bits of guideline, which brought about the making of two separate oversight offices, there are as yet circumstances powerless to moral difficulties and organization issues; especially concerning execution the board and official remuneration. Referen

Facebook Live Friday Series COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Facebook Live Friday Series COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I just wanted to take a moment to remind you of a new online resource available to all prospective students and applicants. Were trying something new this year, dubbed Facebook Live Friday, where ILL chat with a member of the SIPA community to discuss the facets of the program, student life, and beyond. Heres a list of past and upcoming information sessions Im hosting this year. Make sure you RSVP so youll get a reminder about the events. Facebook Live Friday: Application Advice (recording here) Facebook Live Friday: Chat with Glenn Denning, MPA-DP Director (recording here) Facebook Live Friday: Concentration Chat with Jose Antonio Ocampo, EPD Director Friday, December 2 at 11:00 AM Facebook Live Friday: Concentration Chat with Richard Betts, ISP Director Friday, December 9 at 11:30 AM Facebook Live Friday: Concentration Chat with Elazar Barkan, HRHP Director Friday, December 16 at 12:00 PM Facebook Live Friday: Concentration Chat with Andrea Bubula, IFEP Executive Director Friday, January 6 at TBA Facebook Live Friday: Concentration Chat with Travis Bradford, EE Director Friday, January 13 at TBA Facebook Live Friday: Concentration Chat with Ester Fuchs, USP Director Friday, January 20 at TBA Facebook Live Friday: Chat with  Current Students tentatively set for Friday, January 27 at TBA To come back to the schedule, just look at the right-hand side of the admissions blog, which links you to the Recruitment Calendar, where we list all of the upcoming sessions.

Monarchy Is The Oldest Form Of Government - 1657 Words

Monarchy is the oldest form of government in the United Kingdom. In a monarchy, the king or queen is Head of State (or Sovereign), but the ability to make and pass legislation resides with an elected Parliament. Although the British Sovereign no longer has a political or executive role, he or she continues to play an important part in the life of the nation. The Monarch also has constitutional and representational duties which have developed over the past one thousand years. In addition to the State duties, The Monarch has a less ornate role as Head of Nation . The Sovereign acts as a central point for national identity, unity and pride. The king or queen also gives a sense of stability and progression. In all these roles This historical journey of the English monarchs and their ruling will begin with Edward the III from the House of Plantagenet (1327) and end with Charles the I from the House of Stuarts (1625) with added attention to the time period of 1299-1485 during the time o f War of the Roses. Studying English history in accordance with Shakespeare’s plays gives the reader a better understanding of the time period the play was written and helps the reader understand what shaped Shakespeare’s story. Edward III from the house of Plantagenet ascended to the throne in 1327 at the age of 14. He is the son of Edward the II and Isabella of France. Due to his mothers heritage he was able to claim the French throne in 1337. 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Fiction Essay - 657 Words

Brooklynn Stilwell Dr. Redfield English 112- 20 November 2014 MLA Annotated Bibliography: Rhetorical Analysis; the Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin Chopin, Kate. â€Å"The Story of an Hour, Kate Chopin, characters, setting. â€Å"KateChopinorg. Kate Chopin International Society. N.d. web. 20 Nov. 2014. http://www.katechopin.org/the-story-of-an-hour/ This website is from the Author herself. There are many beneficially things from this website. She has a list of characters, the time and place, the themes, when this book was published, etc. It has a lot of helpful information and the story behind this story. I thought what was really neat on this website was there is a place for a question and answer box. This is a very important source†¦show more content†¦Shmoop University, Inc. 11 Nov. 2008. Web. http://www.shmoop.com/story-of-hour/ This website is a website that has notes and bullet points of the short story that I read over. 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As their plan falls into action, time alters and we find ourselves riding down the streetRead MoreEssay about Features of Post Modern Fictions2385 Words   |  10 PagesSome of the dominant features of postmodern fictions include temporal disorder, the erosion of the sense of time, a foregrounding of words as fragmenting material signs, a pervasive and pointless use of pastiche, loose association of ideas, paranoia and the creation of vicious circles or a loss of destination between separate levels of discourse, which are all symptoms of the language disorders of postmodernist fictions. The postmodern novel may be summed up as: †¢ Late modernism. †¢ Anti-modernism

Critical Lens Essay on Archetypes Free Essays

Miranda E. Remenar Per. 1 Bickmore Senior English 2/9/2012 Critical Lens Essay One might be angered that most of their child hood and lifetime stories are all based on archetypes. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Lens Essay on Archetypes or any similar topic only for you Order Now A simple skeleton of all tales, novels and stories alike. Until Discovering what an archetype was, you may have though that The Odyssey and Harry Potter were completely different tales, however this assumption would be wrong. Odysseus, a true hero destined by society to have the falls and triumphs of a hero, as well as â€Å"the chosen one† That was Harry. Both chosen by society, both had ambushed plans as well as successful adventures. Analyzing this story using a thought process based on archetypical example and themes, you can clearly see the naked structure of the ‘Willing Hero’ Archetype. Harry Potter, being a hero to all of society faces times in which society also hates him. Where the ministry of magic turns the entire world against a 16 year old boy. He deals with it and lives on to deal with more of the world’s problems. Odysseus has the same problem. He ventures to Troy, and whilst not many came home from such a war, he however survives†¦ No-one can claim the life of Odysseus though, because no one has seen him for seven years. When his son sets forth to seek his dad, the Gods throw him a bone and breath wind in his favor. While on the mission of coming home, little does Odysseus know that all the men of his city are set on marrying his wife. Harry Potter and his friends are just like Odysseus and his crew. Harry relies on his allies for mental support and ideas. While Odysseus relies on his crew for physical support, to get him from place to place. They are with him through thick and thin, so maybe a few of them get sacrificed to a Cyclops, but harry loses and gains a few friends here and there as well. When Harry is fighting the Dark Lord Voldemort, his allies are there for moral support, giving him advice but only he can slay Voldemort in the end. Same goes for Odysseus, while he is planning his attack on the imposters in his house when he returns from the long journey home from Troy, he finds his most loyal crew members, and friends to help him rid of the sinners occupying his hall. Both Harry and Odysseus have allies that they rely on till the very end. Without them, they probably would not have succeeded in the end. Growing up a mortal, Harry never experiences magic, until his eleventh birthday. He struggles with relying on his natural talents, just as Odysseus relies on praying to the Gods for help. When the Gods finally come through for Odysseus nobody seems to believe him. But Harry, he is the only one that can’t seem to rely on something that everyone else around him can’t live without. Odysseus finally gets his wish when the Gods answer his prayers. He begs to the sky like he had been doing his entire life, then finally, Hermes flies in, talks Calypso into releasing him and he was on his way. This scene seemed like an eye opener for Odysseus, probably because Hermes just flew right in, knew his name and did him a huge favor by releasing him from the wrath of Calypso. Without the God’s help, Odysseus never would have gotten released, he never would’ve been on his way home at all†¦ And he never would’ve been able to take back his hall from the hands of sinners. Odysseus’ faith in the seemingly non-existent God’s paid off in the end when he saved his wife, his city and was reunited with his adoring son, whom he had not seen nearly his entire life. Through analytical application of archetypes throughout this graphic novel, The Odyssey. Several archetypes, The Willing hero, The allies, The wise on looker, and several that have to do with the Gods strong role in this book were made clear. Some I found more distinct and more prompt than others. Understanding how archetypes make books and epic poems seem more pleasing to our minds eye is a hard idea to grasp, especially when everything that you read, watch or listen to has to do with some sort of archetype. Comparing Harry Potter, wizard in the world of magic, to a Demi-God in the world of Greek mythology and Gods was eye opening. Both alike in many ways, while the story was completely different. As well as the ideas behind both and several of the archetypes involved. How to cite Critical Lens Essay on Archetypes, Essay examples

Global Business Etiquette free essay sample

International Business Etiquette Being Polite in a Changing World TonJa M. Myers BUSI 472 Organizational Ethics February 11, 2013 Abstract This paper looks at research Journals done on the subject of the importance of proper international business etiquette. It examines proper etiquette for countries in Europe, Asia and Arabia, it stresses the importance of good communication in etiquette and finally sheds light on the effect good etiquette has on the global economy. International Business Etiquette Being Polite in a Changing World With the explosion of technology we have experienced over the last decade, our orld has become much smaller and many companies are conducting business with countries they never dreamed possible. Understanding the importance of etiquette in international business is crucial to being effective in this changing world. This paper will look at some things to be aware of when doing business in Europe, Asia and Arab countries. It will also look at the utmost importance of effective communication, both verbal and non-verbal, in international business. Finally, it will look at the effect of etiquette on the global economy. When one is going to be doing business with a person or company from another ountry or culture from their own, it is very important that they do some serious research on that country or culture to avoid embarrassing or insulting snafus. Even though the United States was founded by Europeans, our cultures are quite different. On top of that, each country in Europe has its own culture. For instance, German directness and love for truth might be considered quite rude in more high- context cultures where communication is more sophisticated and veiled. (Hamburg, 2012). In Russia, gift giving is common in business, but Russian superstitions related o some colors and numbers yellow, white, black and 13 bear negative connotations should be accordingly kept in mind when offering a gift or decorating a room. (Hamburg, 2012). In the Czech Republic, People have usually two or more cell phones, using them in the middle of a meeting is no sign for rudeness as it would be considered in most cultures. (Hamburg, 2012). In France, Serving lunch or dinner presents crucial importance in professional relations. (Hamburg, 2012). And in Spain huggings and shoulder tappings are absolutely compatible with business relations. (Hamburg, 2012). When oving to the Asian continent, some things are quite universal, such as the importance ot hierarchy, prestige (in their conception tace), ot building relationship, the role of intermediaries at the beginning of all contacts, a relaxed attitude to time and a peculiar high-contextual communication. (Hamburg, 2012). However, there are also many differences between countries. For instance, in China the decision-making process is quite long and slow, deadlines are flexible, therefore to meet the deadline one needs to display a self-confident attitude keeping at the same time harmony, as well. (Hamburg, 2012). When giving presentations in Japan, business people should prepare themselves for attentive and reflective listeners, however sometimes seeming to have fallen asleep but it is not the case, Japanese are just concentrating to what they get presented. (Hamburg, 2012). Moving from Asia to the Arab countries people will find that the Arab world and Indian people are much more expressive. Negotiations resemble in these parts of Asia a real show with tough bargaining and emotional manifestations. Coming too early to a deal deprives them of the pleasure of negotiating and insinuates that something went wrong. (Hamburg, 2012). So, these are Just some examples of the vast differences that occur in di fferent countries and cultures that need to be studied and observed when conducting business. Communication, both verbal and non-verbal, is crucial to proper etiquette in the global marketplace. Management and communication scholars have consistently argued that the success of managers on international assignments depends largely on effective cross-cultural communication. (Okoro, 2012). It is important because when interacting with colleagues or counterparts of other cultures in a business and egotiation context, it is important to know and respect their customs to ensure that an intended meaning is conveyed in order to avoid unintentionally offending them. (Okoro, 2012). Those looking to be sensitive to other cultures do this by striving to develop cultural sensitivity, be careful in encoding their messages, thoughtful in decoding and analyzing content and context, selective in choosing channels for transmission of messages. (Okoro, 2012). As far as non-verbal communication goes, it is possibly even more important and tricky than verbal communication. The 0K sign, for example is positive to U. S. persons but considered obscene in Brazil. In France and Belgium, the gesture should be avoided as it means Worthless or zero. The meaning of the gesture is completely different in JapanÐ ²Ãâ€šÃ¢â‚¬  it signifies money. (Martin Chaney, 2012). Another example is eye contact. The duration of eye contact when two people are interacting varies with the culture. Greeks, for example, use more contact in public places and expect others to look at them as well. Failure to make eye contact makes people of Greece feel ignored. Middle Easterners, too, use a lot ey e contact while both talking and listening. They do not like to talk to someone wearing dark glasses because they are unable to see the eyes. People from Sweden, on the other hand, do not give as much eye contact while conversing as other Europeans. They do, however, look at each other for longer periods of time. 17 Unlike members of the dominant culture in the United States, people in many Asian countries are uncomfortable with direct eye contact. People of China and Japan, specifically, tend to look Just below the chin during conversations. They teel that not looking into the other persons eyes during a conversation shows respect and would feel that continuing to look into the other ersons eyes would be quite rude. Iraqis, likewise, avoid eye contact while conversing out of respect for their elders. Prolonged eye contact, on the other hand, is typical of people from the Middle East, France, Germany, and some Latin American countries. (Certain Latin American and Caribbean cultures, however, show you respect by not having direct eye contact. ) They associate this direct eye contact with interest, assertiveness, and self-confidence. Even in these countries, however, lengthy stares at a woman would be considered inappropriate. (Martin Chaney, 2012). So, how you say something is Just as important as what you say, and knowing the intricacies of each culture is essential. The importance of international etiquette stretches as far as the global economy. Now days, The United States plays a major role in the vast scope of the global economy. One means to protect and expand that role would be for U. S. firms to make cross- cultural communication a priority in their employees interpersonal skills objectives. In 1999, the United States alone exported more than $960 billion in goods and services to other countries of the world and imported more than $1. 3 trillion in goods and services. ll Considering that the sum of the international economic activities of the United States exceeded $2. trillion in 1999, the international trade in goods and services of the United States involves multitudinous cases of social interaction between buyers, sellers, agents, managers, representatives, and any other category of businessperson imaginable communicating on the international stage. While it is important for those of other cultures to acknowledge this social dimension as well, the vibrant and frenzied economic activity of the United States, compounded by its geographic isolation, demand focused inquiry into the topic of international business etiquette and intercultural communication. (Glenn, 2002). This quote clearly states the importance. Failure at being culturally informed and sensitive results in a reduction of funds for that company, and thus, for the countries that are involved, their economies as well. So, understanding the cultures of those one deals with in business is of utmost importance. It is important so that one does not offend those they are dealing with due to ignorance. They need to research the cultures to find out about customs and diosyncrasies in their mannerisms, in their communication styles, and in their non- verbal styles. http://search.proquest.com/ https://login.ezproxy.fau.edu/login https://www.liberty.edu/library/ezproxy-access/

Shutter Island A Review Essay Example

Shutter Island: A Review Essay Shutter Island is one of the most emotionally and intellectually engaging films to have come out in recent times. Directed by noted filmmaker Martin Scorsese, the film explores the potential depths of human psychology and the inevitable conflicts in human relationships. Although it wouldn’t rank as Scorsese’s best movie, it excels in so many departments that it is set to become a classic of the suspense/thriller/horror genre. The plot is centered on the characters of Teddy Daniels and Chuck Aule (played in the film by Leonardo Di Caprio and Mark Ruffalo respectively). The Shutter island hosts Ashecliffe hospital, which is a mental asylum for the criminally inclined. The two lead characters, who serve the US military, get trapped in this secluded island due to hostile weather conditions. Their mission was to investigate the case of a missing inmate. But due to the enclosed circumstances in which they find themselves in, their mission objectives become entwined with psych ological complications. Teddy Daniels in particular steadily loses his mind amid the ensuing chaos. What then unravels is a series of events and sequences whose connections are not apparent to the audience. The director employs non-linear narrative technique to juxtapose ‘real’ and ‘imagined’ sequences, so that the psychological confusion borne by the actors on screen is transferred to the audience as well. Eventually Teddy becomes highly deluded and it is at this juncture that the director comes into his own. Scorsese exploits the deluded mind of Teddy to present his audience with debates and questions at the center of human psychology. Such questions as the need for violence, the hatred manifest in social groups, the role of God in this decadent state of the human condition, etc runs through the deluding mind of Teddy. Delusional and pathological as these pondering might technically qualify, they nevertheless are valid introspections into the shared psychology of our species. Hence, in sum, the movie Shutter Island will be remembered as much for its tech nical brilliance as it will be for raising fundamental questions about the human condition in general and human psychology in particular. We will write a custom essay sample on Shutter Island: A Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shutter Island: A Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shutter Island: A Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Shutter Island is one of the most emotionally and intellectually engaging films to have come out in recent times. Directed by noted filmmaker Martin Scorsese, the film explores the potential depths of human psychology and the inevitable conflicts in human relationships. Although it wouldn’t rank as Scorsese’s best movie, it excels in so many departments that it is set to become a classic of the suspense/thriller/horror genre. The plot is centered on the characters of Teddy Daniels and Chuck Aule (played in the film by Leonardo Di Caprio and Mark Ruffalo respectively). The Shutter island hosts Ashecliffe hospital, which is a mental asylum for the criminally inclined. The two lead characters, who serve the US military, get trapped in this secluded island due to hostile weather conditions. Their mission was to investigate the case of a missing inmate. But due to the enclosed circumstances in which they find themselves in, their mission objectives become entwined with .

How to Hire Freelance Writers to Scale Your Content Marketing

How to Hire Freelance Writers to Scale Your Content Marketing You’ve started a content marketing program. You’ve followed the best practices. You’ve done customer research, and you’re writing 10x content  targeted  at your ideal buyer personas. And you’re getting results! Shares on social are up. You’re seeing a boost in organic traffic. Everyone in the organization is psyched. At the same time, while you’re excited, you may be overwhelmed by the amount of work that went into getting those results. Instead of just publishing a blog post, you’re also writing a downloadable checklist, setting up an evergreen series of social posts, adding in click-to-tweets and reaching out to influencers about the blog post. You’d be forgiven for wondering whether this process is sustainable when resourced with a single marketing manager. That’s where building out a plan for hiring freelance writers can help you. When you write yourself, youre limited by your time and energy. When you hire others, youre only limited by the return you can demonstrate on your content marketing investment. In this article, we’ll look at how you can build a repeatable system for: Finding the best talent online for your content marketing program. Convincing talent to work for you, rather than your competition. Keeping track of all the applications. Selecting the best talent from your pool of applications. Qualifying potential writers. Onboarding your writers so they hit the ground running. By the end of this article, you’ll be able to identify and find the best writers for your business with confidence. You’ll feel able to increase your content production safe in the knowledge that you have the systems for scaling up reliably. How to Hire Freelance Writers to Scale Your Content MarketingDownload Your Free Content Writer Job Description Template If youre going to hire the best freelancers, youll need to start with a good job ad. And the easiest way to write a good job ad is with this free template. Snag it quick, then read the post to learn how to use it.Looking to hire freelance writers to scale your content marketing? Start by writing the perfect job...Outbounding Recruiting: Reach Out Directly to Writers You Admire While you’re researching blog topics, you’ll undoubtedly stumble across some excellent writers in your field. These writers are a great place to start. You can reach out via email or a direct message to ask whether they’re interested in freelance work. You might find that many of these writers don’t have availability right now, so it can be worth keeping them on a list of potential fits. For example, I was following a great writer on Twitter for some time. Then, one day she tweeted that she was looking for freelance work, so I swooped in. Another option is to look on Twitter for who is popular within your field. You can use industry-specific hashtags to find heavily shared writers. Here’s one way you can find the most popular hashtags in your industry: 1 ) Search for your niche on Twitter - i.e. search for "project management" or "human resources"; 2 ) Browse through the tweets looking for common industry specific hashtags such as "#PMOT", which stands for project management on Twitter or "#HRtech" for human resource technology; 3 ) Use these industry-specific hashtags to find writers who routinely pop up in the top results. You can use date operators in Twitter to find the most popular Tweets with in a specific date range such as the last month via a search such as â€Å"#pmot since:2017-10-01 until:2017-10-14†. [Tweet "Here are three ways to use Twitter to find great writers (who can write great content for your brand).:] You can also use a tool such as BuzzSumo to find the most popular posts for a specific keyword. Here I searched for â€Å"project management† on BuzzSumo, and you can see a list of writers, some of whom may be worth reaching out to: Action Steps: Make a Twitter list of writers you admire in your industry, so you can keep an eye on them for availability. Search via hashtags for popular writers in your industry Use tools such as BuzzSumo to find the most shared writers for a particular topic Inbound Recruiting You also need a steady stream of incoming applications from potential writers. The reason is that you’ll find you’ll lose some freelance writers over time, as they move on to other opportunities. Secondly, if you want to scale aggressively, you’ll need more writers than you can reach out to manually. These inbound â€Å"leads† present a different challenge than the outbound recruiting, however. A large proportion of the applicants will not be suitable, so you’ll have to figure out how to qualify the applicants to focus on the ones that are a good fit. We’ll dig into how you can qualify applicants, but first let’s focus on your job ad, as it will help you reduce the number of unqualified applicants in the first place. Recommended Reading: How to Structure Your Content Marketing Team to Get the Best Results Write an Amazing Job Ad that Focuses on the Writer You want to find freelance writers who write amazing pieces of content that generate qualified traffic for years at a price you can justify. But you can’t write a job ad about what you want. First, you have to tap into the hopes, fears, and dreams of the best freelance writers want. A good job advert should push the very best to get in touch, while gently deterring applicants will little chance of success. To give an example, here is a job ad I found on Problogger: To put it mildly, they are looking for a â€Å"unicorn† writer who has experience working in an Agile software development team, yet can also write superb copy and wants to work as a freelance writer. And prior experience doing so is required. I think it’s great that this company has a clear idea of what they need, but I think that they could sell the opportunity better. The only line about benefits was one line on the price they were willing to pay: Those job ads will get you a large list of unqualified candidates, and a much smaller list of qualified ones. You’ll get a better quality of candidate if you include a section on the benefits that your writers will get from working with you. These benefits might be obvious to you, but they won’t be obvious to your writers. Include examples of benefits you could offer: Creative freedom to write evergreen pieces of content that will stand the test of time, particularly if your business doesn’t have an established blog Reach and impact, particularly if you do have an established blog Insights into how well their writing does Opportunities to network with other writers Input into content strategy Here’s a job ad that I wrote that attracted a huge number  of highly qualified writers: In terms of a template, here’s what I’d include: A short introduction about your company and product or service offering; A line on the ideal client persona; A paragraph on the types of content you need written, including links to existing content if available; A list of the benefits of working with you; A list of the bonus items that you might be looking for (industry experience or access to audience in the industry); and Next steps. This would translate into a job ad that looks like this: ACME corp is an performance feedback SaaS tool that's used daily by thousands of people in Fortune 500 companies worldwide to them improve in their career. A key persona is the VP Human Resources in a Fortune 500 corporation We want you to write articles aimed at pain points in rolling out new HR processes in Fortune 500 organizations, new trends in employee performance evaluation as well as product marketing pieces for new releases. The long term goal is to increase awareness of our product as well as generate new customers for ACME corp. How you'll benefit from working with us: 1) Full credit and bio on our website (no ghostwritten articles) 2) Scope to write high quality, original work that will be an asset i n your portfolio for years to come 3) Experience working for a B2B SaaS startup (high career potential) 4) High production values thanks to beautiful custom illustrations for your work from our designers 5) Competitive remuneration on a per-article basis How you can grab our attention 1) Show how you can bring your article to a wider audience in the HR space after it's published 2) Willingness to learn about and understand our product 3) Attention to detail in following our processes Next Steps Fill out this google form and we'll get in touch if we think you might be a good fit: [Link to Form] Use this template to write an awesome job ad that attracts the best freelance content writers.Put Your Job Ad in Front of a Qualified Audience A small investment to get great applicants is worth every cent. For example, if a job advert costs $100 and results in 100 total applicants and 10 highly qualified ones, you’re paying $10 for a qualified applicant. An ad your own site might net you ten total applicants and one highly qualified applicant. At the same time, you have to spend further time qualifying and testing out new applicants, so the investment of $100 will pay off. Sites I’ve found good for advertising: Problogger  ($100); AngelList  (free); WeWorkRemotely  ($299 for 30 days). Sites like UpWork, Fiverr  or Craigslist  might be a good fit, depending on the type or quality of content you’re working with. You are unlikely to find excellent B2B writers with industry experience on these sites, but you may find writers for lightweight, consumer-oriented content. DID YOU KNOW: makes it easy to share social content (including your freelance job listings page) across all the most popular networks? See how it works. Ask Qualifying Questions via a Survey When it comes to hiring freelance designers, it’s a good rule of thumb that you should expect their work for you to be fairly similar to what you find in their portfolios. In the same vein, when you’re hiring freelance writers, you’ll be frequently disappointed in my experience if you expect an entirely different style of writing than what you found in the past work. Therefore, I’d ask for samples of writing in line with the type of work you want them to do. If you want in-depth case studies with clients, ask them to submit examples of case studies. When you’re looking for industry-specific thought leadership articles, you’ll need a writer who has some experience writing thought leadership style articles. And if you need product marketing style posts outlining how to use your product, I’d look for similar pieces in their portfolio. Here are a few questions I’ve asked in surveys for applications: These questions give me: a feel for their past portfolio, but not so many articles that I don’t have time to read them all; their understanding of what makes an article successful. If they’ll list article reach or generation of qualified leads, they’ll be a good fit for content marketing; an idea of how they write their articles in terms of the research process, time length and input required. Action Step: Test out setting up your first Google Form by following this step-by-step guide. Keep Track of Your Applicants Perhaps you have an applicant tracking system (ATS) in place. In that case, use it! Otherwise, feeding the applications into a Google sheet will do the trick with minimal effort, and you’ll be able to see all the applications in one place. My process for assessing the applications is to go through each one, assigning that application a score between 1 and 10 based on whether they’re a good fit or not. I look for candidates who demonstrate that they have put a little thought into their answers. Relevancy is a crucial part of being a great content writer, so if I see someone has submitted irrelevant content examples, I'll automatically put them at 4 or 5. Then, I'll add on points for each bonus item I'm looking for. For example, if I'm looking for a writer with a large audience, relevant industry experience and experience in long-form content, I'll give an applicant who has two of those bonuses as well as relevant responses a "9" on the scale. Once I’m done, I’ll filter the applications to get the applications with the highest score. Usually, I’m looking for 10-20 applications with a score above 7. These are the application I’ll proceed with to the next stage. Hiring freelance writers for your content marketing team? Read this post first.How Do You Know If Someone Will Be a Good Writer? Now that you’ve gotten a collection of writers who seem promising, the next task is to assess who will be a good fit for your content program. Some applicants who are great on paper won’t work out in practice. At this point, there’s only one way to find out: get them to write a test piece. Provide Editorial Guidelines At this stage, you’ll have a good idea of the type of content you expect from your writers. Scaling your content productions means putting these ideas into words in your editorial guidelines for writers. You can handle the trivialities that keep your content consistent: US or UK English, title case or sentence case for headings, size of images, etc. But you should also demonstrate the type of content you are looking for with examples from your own content or articles from around the web, detailing what makes them special. By giving your freelance writers this information upfront, you’re maximizing their chances of success. Now, you can give your writers this information along with a request to write a single post and see how they do with the challenge. Recommended Reading: How to Build Social Media Branding Guidelines That Will Make Your Brand Memorable Judging the Test Piece Your standards for the test piece should be very high. After all, the test piece is probably the best writing you’ll see from them because the writers want to make a good impression. If the writer returns the piece late or doesn’t follow your style guide, I’d move immediately onto the next candidate. Secondly, if the writing itself isn’t up to scratch, I’d also move on quickly. You’re unlikely to have much success coaching a poor writer. Your time is better off spent helping an â€Å"A† writer move to an â€Å"A+† writer. This is also the reason why it’s important to have a steady stream of inbound candidates. Follow this process to attract tons of qualified freelance content writer candidates to your...Onboarding Your Writers Once you have writers who produce amazing content, you want to keep them onboard. One of the big pieces of information any writer wants to know is how their writing went down. Therefore, sharing stats such as Google analytics reports about how many people read their content is a great way to give them an insight into what’s working and what’s not. Secondly, giving them input and ownership of the content schedule will not only help them feel empowered but also take some of the work off your shoulders. Finally, some writers enjoy putting a face to a name and networking with your peers. You can consider having monthly Google hangouts where you discuss what happened last month, go over analytics reports and share ideas for the upcoming content calendar. DID YOU KNOW: is the industry's leading interactive marketing calendar software platform? See how we can make managing your marketing team all in one place easy. Plus, see how to easily onboard your freelance writing team and turn them into power users in no time. Creating Systems Instead of Campaigns Putting in place the systems for hiring writers takes time and effort. You’ll have to make adjustments over time to suit your individual situation. The payoff, however, is that you’re building a system that can be scaled on demand. Instead of randomly hiring writers, you’ll be able to find the best writers repeatedly, no matter your industry or content style. If leadership asks whether you can hit aggressive goals for your content marketing, you’ll have a system you can trust in, rather than just aspirations of â€Å"working harder†. Have you hired writers? What went well? What didn’t?

Transformational Leadership Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Transformational Leadership - Movie Review Example Some of these leaders and their leadership styles have proved effective in attaining the various group or family objectives while others have failed to yield any positive result. Event organizers and musicians Woodstock begins with the music festival organizing team preparing the stage and venue of the festival. Under good leadership, the team seems to be enjoying carrying out their assigned duties for the benefit of the whole group. The union of the team is remarkable, perhaps a portrayal of the good transformational leadership traits displayed by the leader. Furthermore, good leadership among the event organizers is also evident when they remain with the organizers as it begins to rain. This is a critical element especially, when the main intention of the festival was to entertain. The move by the organizers and performers to remain behind with the revelers as it began to rain, could be deemed as a positive step that significantly reduced sudden commotions that could possible cause a stampede leading to death or injuries of those in attendance. They courageously and calmly steer the crowd away from acts that could cause accidents such as leaning on the towers and the stage. Subsequently, the event manager provides idealized influence on the crowd by assuring everyone to remain calm amid the confusion as a result of the sudden storm. Similarly, he calmly leads the stewards in covering the equipment and disconnecting electrical equipment. The event organizer also demonstrates a considerable degree of intellectual simulation, an important aspect of transformational leadership (Lang, 2011). He quickly initiates a means of helping the crowd to persevere the heavy rains by initiating a random song. The musicians and music bands also form another important group that displays transformational leadership styles and abilities. Cohesion is critical for a music band performance particularly in the quest to reach out to the huge crowd that had gathered at the festival. I n most of the music groups that participated, there seemed to be a group leader that organized the group into the respective instrument players in creating harmony and entertaining. Without transformational leadership, it would seem rather difficult to organize each of the participants in the groups. This type of transformational leadership is deemed as overt owing to the fact that each member of the music groups has almost equal roles to play. As transformational leaders, the musician and the event organizers remain as a unit of genuine followers and do not in any way use exploitative or manipulative behavior to get what they believe they deserve. At the same, they also display some emotional connection with their followers, which is created through respect for individual desires of their followers. The musicians, who are transformational leaders, further enhance the emotional connection with their followers by encouraging them to experience their own worth by singing along. In an organization point of view, this can be regarded as a way of encouraging followers to utilize their own skills and deploy their cognitive abilities to transform themselves and an organization (Lang, 2011). The connection between the musicians and their followers, just like the connection between a transformational leader and his followers in an organization, is evident in the manner in which the followers admire ad identify with them and want to imitate them. Irrespective of the deviant

Industry Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Industry Analysis - Assignment Example n as Porter’s Five Forces Analysis, pertains to a framework for the analysis of the industry and the development of the business strategy given in 1979 by Michael E. Porter (Porter, 2008). It comprises of the five forces which elaborate upon the competitive intensity and thus, determine the attractiveness of a market. The five elements of the industry analysis are explained below: The entry of the new firms into market can be blocked in many ways. For instance, low-cost manufacturing or technological advancements can be few of the many barriers for the businesses. Besides this, there are political barriers which block the entry of businesses into the international markets (Marvin, 1987). For example, the bagel industry in US experienced the flood of new companies entering the industry in 1996, which caused a sharp decline in the profit aspect of the industry. This diminished the attractiveness of the industry. One of the other features of the industry analysis includes the barriers to exit. It comprises of the legal obstacles, or the strategic significance which stops the business from leaving a market at the proper time. An example can be the case of European oil industry. The exit barriers in the industry have been the outcome of environmental cleanup, high costs of dismantles refineries, and employee layoffs. Due to these factors, a very low level of profits exists which is the result of a persistent projection of extra capacity. In an industry, the businesses operate in two types of markets: the market for outputs and the market for inputs. The transactions in both markets take place which are a source of value-creation for both suppliers and buyers. There are large customer groups which are equipped with the power to negotiate on better terms of trade and bargain on price. Moreover, they can switch the suppliers thus, increasing the market competitiveness. For example, in a pharmaceutical industry, the buying power is low. Due to the patent protection,

Mcminns Psychology Theology And Spirituality In Christian Counseling Religion Essay

Mcminns Psychology Theology And Spirituality In Christian Counseling Religion Essay Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling written by Mark R. McMinn teaches Christian counselors the importance of Spirituality in the counseling office. Throughout the book McMinn provides deep insight on the integration of the three concepts; the author provides concrete cases that allow the reader to grasp the information by applying the scenarios to the text. To better equip Christian Counselors he uses cognitive therapy from a Christian perspective as foundation for his work. He stresses the importance of building an effective therapeutic relationship between the counselor and the client in order for therapy to be successful. McMinn uses a variety of religious interventions to establish psychological and spiritual health. Throughout the chapters he elaborates on the use of prayer, scripture, sin, confession, forgiveness, and redemption in the counseling practice. McMinn discusses the positive effects as well as negative side effects of the use of prayer. He states that the counselors level of spiritual maturity will provide an upper limit for the potential impact of prayer in counseling (McMinn, 1996, p.87). McMinn highlights the power of Scripture and outlines the specific effects it may have on the client. McMinn summarizes the chapter by noting Our knowledge of God, self and Scripture are all interrelated, but our capacity to understand any one of these elements will add to our ability to understand the others (McMinn, 1996, p.124). McMinns study of the nature of sin and its role in the counseling practice is also very thorough. As he notes, generally psychologists have been uninterested in sin, preferring to ignore it or to discuss the effects of the concept of sin (McMinn, 1996, p. 161). Such an attitude has negative consequences, as in most cases sin can be a reason of depression, feeling of guilt and other negative feelings. He proposes the Christian counselor to understand sin from a theological and spiritual perspective. As he states, such a change can add necessary depth to the work of a counselor and encourage his clients to grow spiritually. Describing the historical references of confession as a sacrament of penance, McMinn underlines the necessity to understand its role and importance in the work of a Christian Therapist. Confession requires humility, which requires us to look at ourselves honestly and recognize both our strengths and weaknesses. Confession closely deals with forgiveness, which is a very popular topic among counselors. The author attracts readers attention to the fact that Christian understanding of forgiveness may differ from the ways that non-Christian counselors understand forgiveness. Christian forgiveness is not a simple emotional relief; however, McMinn stated that our capacity to forgive one another depends on our capacity to understand both our need for forgiveness and Gods gracious gift of forgiveness (McMinn, 1996, p.235). McMinns final chapter on redemption sums up the pr evious topics prayer, scripture, sin, confession, and forgiveness. Redemption is a process of being freed from sin and being restored back unto God. As McMinn finalizes the book with this chapter he sums up redemption by saying the wonder of redemption is that we are brought back into a relationship with God (McMinn, 1996, p.265). Finally once we experience redemption, our old ways of thinking are brought as one with God. After reading this story I am reminded of a demonstration given by my former pastor. Leading up to this demonstration my uncle Jesse had been beaten unrecognizably by gang members in Charlotte, NC. My uncle, raised in the church, had a calling on his life from a very young age and refused to accept his calling. He had been running for years and through those years he was often referred to Jonah, but one night changed all of that for my uncle. I can still remember visiting him in the ICU at Carolina Hospital in Charlotte and afraid to look at the hideous swellings upon his face. His eyes were swollen to the size of golf balls and stitches had been applied to various parts of his face it was a horrible sight to see. After his release he was given shelter by my pastor and started attending the church. The demonstration given by my pastor showed the church what sin can do to a person. I remember hearing my pastor pray and my uncle confessing all his sins while standing at the altar. The pastor preached a heavy sermon that taught me how important the confessions of sins were in seeking forgiveness from God. I have learned that God is a God of second chances and he will grant us forgiveness if and when we are ready to confess with our mouths. The moral of the story my pastor pointed out was that God was a redeemer and therefore gave second chances to his sons and daughters. Reflection McMinn did an excellent job covering the aspects of integrating psychology, theology, and spirituality in Christian counseling. While the book offers insightful ways to look at different situations that may happen in the Christian counseling office there is one thing that bothered me most. If most types of prayer has not been researched how is the counselor supposed to define clear and ethical guidelines for the use of prayer in counseling? I believe that prayer forms an intimate relationship between God and the individual; therefore prayer should not be used in the therapy sessions especially if further research is needed. Prayer I do believe is an effective tool that can be used in therapy but should be used outside the counseling sessions gradually as the client feels comfort and the need for seeking Gods presence on his or her own. This is a good book and should be read by all Christian counselors. It is essential in helping to expand their knowledge on the basis of integrating p sychology, theology, and spirituality. The case studies are helpful in learning both positive and negative ways to approach similar situations met in the counseling sessions. McMinn did a great job elaborating on the different themes prayer, scripture, sin, confession, forgiveness, and redemption. The uses of the themes were successful in teaching the confused counselor how to integrate their spirituality into the therapy session. Overall the book is a positive guide for new and old counselors to use as basis of understanding how each of the themes can have a powerful impact on a clients progress. Actions This was an outstanding book and it taught me valuable instructions on multitasking as a counselor. McMinn stated that the most effective Christian counselors are able to process several ideas simultaneously (McMinn, 1996, p. 269). It is important for a counselor to be able to successfully integrate psychology, theology and spirituality in the counseling sessions to effectively treat the problems of their clients. I personally will take what I learned and continue to read and enhance my understanding of the different concepts so that I may learn to use them wisely. Reading this book enlightened me with so much information that I can easily share with a friend to enhance their knowledge of Christian counselors. I would first make it known to them that as a Christian counselor we are set apart from other psychologists in that we put God at the forefront of our lives and therapy sessions. Being a Christian psychologist comes with many challenges and we have to constantly refine our rela tionship with God and acknowledge him as the All knowing God because thats who we ultimately seek direction from. Learning how to integrate the use of prayer and scripture with Christian clients we have to recognize the negative side effects that can come of prayer or scriptural interventions. I will continue to keep God first in my life allowing him to speak to me, lead me, and guide me as an instrument to help others. I can only better myself after reading this book and take what I learned to become the multitasking counselor.

Interpersonal Relationships Paper

There is evidence that a motivation for helping is feeling empathy for the other person. Researchers hypothesize that people are altruistic as long as the result is reducing another's stress. Unfortunately, some researchers believe that altruistic helping is instrumental egoistic response. Providing evidence of this is difficult as egoism and altruism are motivational concepts, and they cannot be directly observed, (Nier, 2010). Summary of Issues The arguments in contention deal with altruism and whether people feel motivation for pure altruism or empathy. C. Daniel Batson and his colleagues believe that people have a motivation to help not for what they can receive but for pure altruistic reasons. Nier (2010) states that people who are altruistically motivated to help do so with the goal of increasing the welfare of others, (Nier, 2010, p. 379). Batson, Duncan, Ackerman, Cuckley, and Birch performed an experiment using similarity information to manipulate another's empathy. With 44 female introductory psychology students as the subjects the women are randomly selected to fill out a personal and interest questionnaire. The subjects were assigned to four conditions of easy versus difficult escape and similar versus dissimilar victim design through a random block procedure with 11 people in each cell. One participant from each cell is excluded because that person can suspect Elaine was not receiving shocks. They participants are told to wait for a second subject, Elaine, who is a conspirator of the experiment, and given an introduction while waiting. Drawing roles after signing a consent form is next with the 2 drawing rigged. They measure the level of arousal on a monitor to determine accurately the worker’s emotional response as well as help to form an impression. They manipulate the difficulty to escape a situation by letting every subject know that Elaine will complete all 10 trials. This gives the subjects a chance to help her by trading places with her after the second trial. They use similarity manipulation and need situation to determine the subject’s level of empathy. The experimenters give the subjects a chance to trade places with Elaine if they so choose to do so. The results suggest to researchers that suggesting that empathic motivation to help can be altruistic. Batson et. al. conclude that the easy-escape-dissimilar-victim condition is lower than the other three conditions. The difficulty to escape from the situation has a big effect on helping. Robert Cialdini and his colleagues believe that people have a motivation to help others so that they can feel better themselves rather than empathy. Those egoistically motivated to help others help so that they can increase their own welfare and personal gain. The idea is that those with low empathy should help less but when a person’s empathy is high, the sense of escape minimizes by the person’s primary altruistic motive to help the victim. Cialdini and his colleagues sought to test alternative explanations separating subjects’ feelings from empathic orientation. They replicate the Batson et. al. procedure presenting a gratifying event, allowing the subjects a chance to help a victim or escape the situation, finally assessing the subjects’ helpful tendencies against Batson’s measure of empathic concern. The results find that subjects with a high-empathy-set had elevated helping scores except when they got a sadness-canceling reward. This shows that they are no more helpful than those with low- 3 empathy. It seems that it was personal sadness that causes a person to have an increase helping motivation. Evaluation of Arguments Each argument proposes hypotheses about altruism and if it exists or not and how much altruism plays in motivating others to help another. Empirical research with a basis of self-interest provides limited and often insufficient explanations for some helping behaviors meaning that altruism can be another separate construct, (Burns, et. al, 2006, p. 83). It is not necessarily just altruism that encouraged the participants to help but a sense of sadness over the victim’s plight. By relieving the sadness of the victim, the subject’s sadness can disappear. Helping can have rewards for most adults it can restore mood. Rather than helping for altruistic reasons, people help others for their own reasons such as personal mood management. Batson and his colleagues identify an empathy-altruism model, which involves one person witnessing another’s distress elicits personal distress and empathic concern from the witness. Personal distress can promotes an egoistic need to help another’s distress and empathic concern develops an altruistic desire to reduce the other person’s distress, (Dovidio, Schroeder, & Allen, 1990, 249). The other determination of some researchers is that people who have high levels of empathy have high levels of helpfulness. Empathy can enhance prosocial behavior. Selfishness and egalitarianism are important for interpersonal settings, whereas the outcomes for another, or altruism, are important for enhancing joint outcomes, (Van Lange, 2008, p. 767). The 4 participants saw Elaine’s distress and wanted to eliminate it as their need to escape the situation decreased. Support of a Concept After analyzing both arguments and evaluating them, it seems that the most plausible argument is that altruism does exist, but it is not the biggest motivator for helping others. Some researchers believe that there are several volunteering activities where altruism is not a particular motivator, (Burns et. al. , 2006, p. 82). Involuntary volunteering is one. A person can have a court order to volunteer for example. People can start out with altruistic reasons for helping but altruism is not always the main motivator. In some ways helping another when they feel a sense of connection cannot be selfless because by helping another would be helping the helper, (Maner et. l, 2002, p. 1602). Some studies have evidence that suggest that when people appear altruistic that the motivations are ultimately egoistic by nature. Conclusion Altruism is about doing the greater good without any expectations back. Unfortunately, whereas altruism does exist many researchers determine that helping others is not for purely altruistic reason as people help others for many reasons. People can start out with altruistic motivations but they do not always stay altruistic.

The Impact of Advertising in Our Daily Lives Student

Advertising is a form of communication whose purpose is to fix the attention of a target to induce the desired behavior: purchase product, election of a politician, encouraging environment.. Advertising, to make public action or statement of what is public has come to mean all modern means used to publicize a product, an industrial or commercial to1830. Advertising does influence our consumption? Indeed, advertising influences our choices as consumers, initially targeting its message, then the presence of subliminal image and ending with propaganda. However, advertising is not that this aim, it can also be humanistic objects. Advertising is ubiquitous. Advertising does not leave us indifferent: She seduces,entertains or otherwise irritated, exasperated. The goal is to make known and to bring a product to purchase behavior. Advertising is a product of mass consumption. Theadvertisement conveys the norm of internality: â€Å"You can as long as we confine the means. † Advertising is the vector, creates or reinforces stereotypes. She teaches the components of a lifestyle (hygiene, meals †¦ ) desirable. It relays the consumer aspects of the practice groups that are in dominant positions and luxury products are presentedas accessible to all. They played on and reinforces stereotypes. Advertising is fundamentally conservative. Advertising adapts to customer segments. . Advertising inventing anything. An advertising is so easy for her to come to encourage there are several steps. The development of a commercial complex, the general approachbegins by defining strategy with targets thereof, objectives and constraints, we must then develop the message you want to go and find media to disseminate the advertising. Everything is considered and calculated. Developing a message inside of an advertisement is done by â€Å"copy strategy â€Å". It has promise, a concrete proposal to the consumer, the evidence supporting the promise corresponding to a distinguishing feature of the product, the consumer benefit, as provided by the use of this product, and tone, the elements of messages to create an atmosphere. Then there is the advertisement which consists of visual, written and sound effects. All items are calculated based on the target (the slogan, color, text, grip). Advertising also encourages us through subliminal image. The subliminal image is an image that is undetectable to the naked eye but the brain processes anyway. It should be noted that most existing laws prohibiting such images in advertising. A subliminal message is a stimulus that is not consciously perceived by the person who receives it ,it is beyond the level of consciousness, but it excites the senses well. An example of a subliminal message is in the re-election of Francois Mitterrand to the presidency. The daily of Paris â€Å"accusing him of having received subliminal messages contained in the Generic of journal TV france2. We can clearly see when it stops the picture is a picture of Mitterrand in the credits. However, the trial for â€Å"electoral manipulation† has been lost because the image lasted more than one twenty-fifth of a second, thereby excluding the qualifying subliminal. But there are many other examples. One can see that M6(French TV ) Is taken in offense by the HAC (Higher Audiovisual Council) for airing during the credits to sponsor the show â€Å"Camera Cafe† a subliminal image representing the logo Freedent White, a chewing gum brand Wrigley's . Propaganda is also a way to encourage consumption in our advertising. It is primarily a tool of manipulation. All those who hold power use it to convince, manipulate, and getmembership bid. Religions, sects, governments use them to achieve their ends. For their part, traders, sellers, use advertising which is a form of propaganda. Traders, vendors, seeking to convince people that they hold the secret to make them happy, the secret is obviously their products supposedly miraculous. And the dream continues. Propaganda or advertising, used in all areas: consumer products, sporting, cultural, fashion, electronic gadgets, etc.. All are using advertising to convince people to buy their products. The power of propaganda or advertising is not from the veracity of the facts or the quality of the product and it comes from the persuasiveness of the seller and his ability to convince. The means used must touch the emotions of the customer. It is the intent of the religions, governments, traders, sellers. Everything is used to transfer theresistance and get people to buy, to become passionate followers, fanatics. Wealways call to emotions rather than reason, as it is with emotion that we submit to it as easily. Despite the manipulative side of advertising, communication can be more humanistic goals. Road safety has constantly need to communicate, need to be present in the eyes of drivers. It therefore makes advertising campaigns to sensitize the impact of alcohol, drugs, phone or driving too fast. In this case, the short films that can be seen on television as advertising are not intended to influence or manipulate but to educate, raise awareness to the driver that he is endangering himself and others and should therefore be careful. The images are harsh, violent, traumatic. By dint of constantly saying that we should not drink and drive, using advertising campaigns, present and future generations will be increasingly sophisticated and advertising will be served with human goals. Advertising against alcohol and drugs at the wheel are more common on our television screens to educate young drivers and other road hazards. The side of the advertising that appears next is a more objective, we do not sell anything, it merely gives advice that is useful. Do not take the road hazards and the lightly advertising makes us feel good. Found in this type of advertising to target a more human side. Manipulation is not the goal of this campaign. The AIDS campaign is high profile, many commercials are created, like those for road safety awareness, prevent risks. These are general interest campaigns to raise awareness of a social or economic problem. They are nonprofit. There are different kinds of campaigns of this kind, such as prevention against smoking, the presidential campaigns, the introduction of TNT on all TV. These ads are aimed to prevent, anticipate, fight, act on economic or social problems. In conclusion, advertising is a form of communication that greatly influences our consumption. One can almost qualify as a science because everything is calculated for one is like to eat what we saw, or we will create the need for what we heard. Advertising manipulates us in our buying behavior. We identify with the characters in advertisings; we create needs, and must be filled. Advertising hide flaws because it transmits he new movements of fashion or appearance to the company embarks and followsthis movement with no questions asked to fit the new mold. However, advertising has a positive side when it comes to raise awareness of the dangers of drinking and driving, or protect themselves against AIDS. It therefore has a more human purpose when not used for profit to sell us the latest product of such a mark. Chapter one: The origin of advertising 1-history of advertising: Egyptians used papyrus to make sales messages and wall posters. Commercial messages and political campaign displays have been found in the ruins of Pompeii and ancient Arabia. Lost and found advertising on papyrus was common in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Wall or rock painting for commercial advertising is another manifestation of an ancient advertising form, which is present to this day in many parts of Asia, Africa, and South America. The tradition of wall painting can be traced back to Indian rock art paintings that date back to 4000 BC. ]History tells us that Out-of-home advertising and billboards are the oldest forms of advertising. As the towns and cities of the Middle Ages began to grow, and the general populace was unable to read, signs that today would say cobbler, miller, tailor or blacksmith would use an image associated with their trade such as a boot, a suit, a hat, a clock, a diamond, a horse shoe, a candle or even a bag of flour. Fruits and vegetables were sold in the city square from the backs of carts and wagons and their proprietors used street callers (town criers) to announce their whereabouts for the convenience of the customers. As education became an apparent need and reading, as well as printing, developed advertising expanded to include handbills. In the 17th century advertisements started to appear in weekly newspapers in England. These early print advertisements were used mainly to promote books and newspapers, which became increasingly affordable with advances in the printing press; and medicines, which were increasingly sought after as disease ravaged Europe. However, false advertising and so-called â€Å"quack† advertisements became a problem, which ushered in the regulation of advertising content. As the economy expanded during the 19th century, advertising grew alongside. In the United States, the success of this advertising format eventually led to the growth of mail-order advertising. In June 1836, French newspaper La Presse was the first to include paid advertising in its pages, allowing it to lower its price, extend its readership and increase its profitability and the formula was soon copied by all titles. Around 1840, Volney B. Palmer established the roots of the modern day advertising agency in Philadelphia. In 1842 Palmer bought large amounts of space in various newspapers at a discounted rate then resold the space at higher rates to advertisers. The actual ad- the copy, layout, and artwork- was stilled prepared by the company wishing to advertise; in effect, Palmer was a space broker. The situation changed in the late 19th century when the advertising agency of N. W. Ayer & Son was founded. Ayer and Son offered to plan, create, and execute complete advertising campaigns for its customers. By 1900 the advertising agency had become the focal point of creative planning, and advertising was firmly established as a profession. Around the same time, in France, Charles-Louis Havas extended the services of his news agency, Havas to include advertisement brokerage, making it the first French group to organize. At first, agencies were brokers for advertisement space in newspapers. N. W. Ayer & Son was the first full-service agency to assume responsibility for advertising content. N. W. Ayer opened in 1869, and was located in Philadelphia. At the turn of the century, there were few career choices for women in business; however, advertising was one of the few. Since women were responsible for most of the purchasing done in their household, advertisers and agencies recognized the value of women's insight during the creative process. In fact, the first American advertising to use a sexual sell was created by a woman – for a soap product. Although tame by today's standards, the advertisement featured a couple with the message â€Å"The skin you love to touch†. . In the early 1920s, the first radio stations were established by radio equipment manufacturers and retailers who offered programs in order to sell more radios to consumers. As time passed, many non-profit organizations followed suit in setting up their own radio stations, and included: schools, clubs and civic groups. When the practice of sponsoring programs was popularised, each individual radio program was usually sponsored by a single business in exchange for a brief mention of the business' name at the beginning and end of the sponsored shows. However, radio station owners soon realised they could earn more money by selling sponsorship rights in small time allocations to multiple businesses throughout their radio station's broadcasts, rather than selling the sponsorship rights to single businesses per show. This practice was carried over to television in the late 1940s and early 1950s. A fierce battle was fought between those seeking to commercialise the radio and people who argued that the radio spectrum should be considered a part of the commons – to be used only non-commercially and for the public good. The United Kingdom pursued a public funding model for the BBC, originally a private company, the British Broadcasting Company, but incorporated as a public body by Royal Charter in 1927. In Canada, advocates like Graham Spry were likewise able to persuade the federal government to adopt a public funding model, creating theCanadian Broadcasting Corporation. However, in the United States, the capitalist model prevailed with the passage of theCommunications Act of 1934 which created the Federal Communications Commission. [5] However, the U. S. Congress did require commercial broadcasters to operate in the â€Å"public interest, convenience, and necessity†. 6] Public broadcasting now exists in the United States due to the 1967 Public Broadcasting Act which led to the Public Broadcasting Service and National Public Radio. In the early 1950s, the Dumont Television Network began the modern practice of selling advertisement time to multiple sponsors. Previously, DuMont had trouble finding sponsors for many of their programs and compensated by selling smaller blocks of advertising time to several businesses. This eventually became the standard for the commercial televi sion industry in the United States. However, it was still a common practice to have single sponsor shows, such as The United States Steel Hour. In some instances the sponsors exercised great control over the content of the show—up to and including having one's advertising agency actually writing the show. The single sponsor model is much less prevalent now, a notable exception being the Hallmark Hall of Fame. The 1960s saw advertising transform into a modern approach in which creativity was allowed to shine, producing unexpected messages that made advertisements more tempting to consumers' eyes. The Volkswagen ad campaign—featuring such headlines as â€Å"Think Small† and â€Å"Lemon† (which were used to describe the appearance of the car)—ushered in the era of modern advertising by promoting a â€Å"position† or â€Å"unique selling proposition† designed to associate each brand with a specific idea in the reader or viewer's mind. This period of American advertising is called the Creative Revolution and its archetype was William Bernbach who helped create the revolutionary Volkswagen ads among others. Some of the most creative and long-standing American advertising dates to this period. The late 1980s and early 1990s saw the introduction of cable television and particularly MTV. Pioneering the concept of the music video, MTV ushered in a new type of advertising: the consumer tunes in for the advertising message, rather than it being a by-product or afterthought. As cable and satellite television became increasingly prevalent, specialty channels emerged, including channels entirely devoted to advertising, such as QVC, Home Shopping Network, andShopTV Canada. Marketing through the Internet opened new frontiers for advertisers and contributed to the â€Å"dot-com† boom of the 1990s. Entire corporations operated solely on advertising revenue, offering everything from coupons to free Internet access. At the turn of the 21st century, a number of websites including the search engine Google, started a change in online advertising by emphasizing contextually relevant, unobtrusive ads intended to help, rather than inundate, users. This has led to a plethora of similar efforts and an increasing trend of interactive advertising.